This is why Injector Dynamics can get away with charging astronomical prices for injectors. As that PDF indicates, they know what they're doing and how to properly characterize injectors so tuners have a known starting point. What drives me crazy is you KNOW the OEMs need and have that data, and yet the aftermarket is often fumbling around in the dark whenever you ask for anything beyond flow rate. Those mustang injectors I mentioned are $300 a set from Ford racing and you can find them much cheaper used, and the characterization data is in the PDF I posted above. Anyway, rant off. This is why I stick with only injectors with available data, whether from a GM tune file or Ford racing data sheet or similar.